A. True. A cuffed tracheostomy would be required. If the condition does not improve, the tracheostomy may become permanent.

B. True. An emergency tracheostomy may be required or a ‘covering’ tracheostomy for major reconstructive surgery where the upper airway may become difficult or impossible with swelling.

C. False. A laryngectomy is required here. Confusingly a tracheostomy tube may be inserted into the stoma in the first days following laryngectomy, but this is a permanent procedure and is not a tracheostomy.

D. True. One of the commonest indications in critical care.

E. True. A minitrach may be more appropriate but a tracheostomy would work, especially if there is a need for respiratory support.

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